A cross post from
edudemic.com
There’s a vast array of resources available online. From using the
Googles to hunting around
Wikipedia, students and teachers alike turn to a select few channels when doing research online.
Katie and I are working on a guide to Google for teachers but I wanted to share a very useful
resource
about Wikipedia. It was assembled by the Wikipedia folks and is
designed to be a simple guide to the basic terminology, usage, and
details of Wikipedia. It’s organized in a simple question-and-answer
format so feel free to scroll through the questions you already know.
However, take the answers with a big grain of salt as they’re written
by Wikipedia. Regardless, this is a useful resource since basically all
students begin research with the big W. That’s Wikipedia among the cool
kids.
What does wiki mean?
The term “wiki” is derived from the word wikiwiki, which is the
Hawaiian word for “quick”. A wiki is a web site which allows people to
contribute content;
see our article on wikis for more information about this.
Is Wikipedia accurate and reliable?
Wikipedia’s
objective is to become a compendium of published knowledge about
notable subjects. The reliability of Wikipedia articles is limited by
the external sources on which they are supposed to rely, as well as by
the ability of Wikipedia’s editors to understand those sources correctly
and their willingness to use them properly. Therefore, articles may or
may not be reliable, and readers should always use their own judgment.
Students should never use information in Wikipedia (or any other online
encyclopedia) for formal purposes (such as school essays) until they
have verified and evaluated the information based on external sources.
For this reason, Wikipedia, like any encyclopedia, is a great starting
place for research but not always a great ending place.
Wikipedia is rapidly developing, and its editors strive, over time,
to increase its reliability as a source of information. Readers are
encouraged to compare articles to what they already know from reliable
sources and improve the articles’ accuracy and detail. Articles about
many of the major sciences were developed from other free or public
domain encyclopedias. This provides a reliable basis upon which
Wikipedia’s editors could expand. Because of its growing utility,
Wikipedia is cited almost daily in the press.
It is possible for a given Wikipedia article to be biased, outdated,
or factually incorrect. This is true of any resource. One should always
double-check the accuracy of important facts, regardless of the source.
In general, popular Wikipedia articles are more accurate than ones that
receive little traffic, because they are read more often and therefore
any errors are corrected in a more timely fashion. Wikipedia articles
may also suffer from issues such as Western bias, but hopefully this
will also improve with time. For more information, see
Wikipedia:Criticisms.
What prevents someone from contributing false or misleading information?
Wikipedia’s
content control mechanisms are reactive rather than preventive: anyone
can go to almost any page and change the information to make it false or
misleading. Although the majority of edits attempt to improve the
encyclopedia, vandalism is frequent.
Fortunately, such deliberate errors tend not to linger. Hundreds of
dedicated Wikipedia contributors monitor real-time edit feeds
(particularly for important or controversial articles) and quickly
revert most inappropriate edits. Many articles are on one or more
editors’ personal watchlists (and major articles are watched by hundreds
of editors), and this provides a second layer of content control.
Third, Wikipedia’s huge user base is constantly analyzing and improving
every article, undoing vandalism as it is found. If an anonymous or
relatively new user changes a statistic or date by even a little bit,
without justifying their edit, they are particularly likely to raise a
red flag. If an individual continues to vandalize after being warned,
then they may even be blocked from further editing.
The key to this reactive system is that Wikipedia, unlike mainstream
print sources, keeps a full history of every change to every article.
Nothing is ever lost, and no abuse is permanent. See
Wikipedia:Edit history for more information.
All that being said, Wikipedia is not perfect. A reader may have the
bad luck of arriving at a page just after it has been vandalized and
before it has been repaired. There have been incidents in the past where
vandalism has been discovered still in place months after the fact. At
any given time, there is some inaccurate information somewhere in
Wikipedia. It is for this reason that readers must be particularly
diligent in verifying Wikipedia against its external sources, as
discussed above. It is also a good idea, if you feel uncomfortable about
an article, to check its history for recent “bad-faith” edits. If you
find a piece of uncorrected vandalism, you might even decide to help
future users by correcting it yourself. That’s a great feature of
Wikipedia.
Can students cite Wikipedia in assignments?
It
depends on what teachers accept. Just in case, you shouldn’t copy an
article word for word. The best policy for all writing is to have more
than one source. Wikipedia can be an excellent starting place for
further research. Teachers might ask students what they did to validate
the information they learned from Wikipedia. Using a comprehensive
search engine such as Google or Yahoo!, students can easily compare
Wikipedia content with information from other reputable websites. Most
Wikipedia articles also contain an “External links” section at the
bottom, which often leads to other relevant sites. Students can compare
information in Wikipedia with information in other encyclopedias or
books in the library. As a general rule, contributors to Wikipedia are
encouraged to cite their sources, but, of course, not all do. For the
sake of verifiability, it is advisable to cite an article that has
listed its sources. Most of our better articles have sections such as
“References,” “Sources,” “Notes,” “Further reading,” or “External
links,” which generally contain such information.
For purposes of establishing authorship and finding more sources,
students may also find the articles’ “View history” tabs useful, as
these detail every contribution, the contributor and often a summary of
what was contributed. All of our contributors have talk pages for
leaving them messages. If you are logged in, a toolbox link (“E-mail
this user”) is also visible beside the user pages of many registered
contributors. Other means of contacting Wikipedians are listed at
Wikipedia:Contact us.
Is it a safe environment for young people?
Wikipedia
has similar safety issues as other equally open environments.
Participation in Wikipedia requires children to know basic Internet
safety practices. Children will be communicating and interacting with
anonymous adults, and parent or teacher supervision is important,
depending upon the age of the child, just as in any other online
environment. No child should ever assume that if somebody has an account
on Wikipedia, then they’re safe to meet in person, and the usual
internet safety rules apply: do not give out personal information, do
not arrange to meet someone you meet on Wikipedia, and report to a
responsible adult at once if anyone is making you feel uncomfortable. In
any case, Wikipedia is an encyclopedia project, not a social
environment for making offline friends, and chat is generally
discouraged.
Wikipedia has the advantage that most communication is done in an
open, public, reviewable manner (even personal talk page messages are
readable by anybody). Note, however, that in contrast to some sites
directed towards youth, Wikipedia does not have staff to patrol
discussion pages or remove inappropriate comments; it only has volunteer
administrators, who will exclude people breaching civility rules, but
who will not censor conversations if they deal with adult topics.
Wikpedia has a policy on child protection and will remove editors who
are found/suspected of being dangerous towards children either online or
in the real/offline world. However, children and their parents must
understand that Wikipedia does not collect information about its editors
(in the way that sites such as Facebook do), hence most editors are
anonymous even if they have a user account.
Wikipedia is not bowdlerized or censored. It contains articles on
subjects such as racial slurs, controversial political and religious
issues and movements, and sexual acts, including images of nudity.
However, the information about sexual topics will probably be more
neutral and factually accurate than what young teens hear from their
peers, and no more erotic than the material of North American or
European sex education classes; that is, articles on these topics are
kept to facts and are not meant to incite or titillate the reader.
Articles, including those on human reproduction, may contain anatomical,
graphic photographs of sexual organs, which certain cultures may find
inappropriate for small chidren. However, Wikipedia can be configured to
hide these images if desired. Note also that although it discusses the
methodology of terrorism and violence, Wikipedia is not a how-to guide.
Pages which are normally appropriate for children to use are
occasionally vandalized with rude words or content which may be
offensive. Vandalism is normally noticed and removed within a few
minutes—if not seconds—but it is still possible that a person may access
a page before this is dealt with.
The
2008/9 Wikipedia Selection for Schools
is a selection of 5,500 articles deemed suitable for school children
and has been checked and edited for this audience and protected against
editing or vandalism. It contains about the equivalent content to a 20
volume encyclopaedia organized around school curriculum subjects, and is
available online and as a free download for use by schools. If you find
something wrong there, you should go to the corresponding Wikipedia
page to make the correction. The next edition of the Schools selection
will then include your correction.
What is open-source media?
Open-source
media is a kind of information produced by open groups of developers in
which anybody who wants to can use the information. Open-source
production emerged among software engineers with the production of
Linux, a free software computer operating system.
MediaWiki is an open source software package that supports an open source encyclopedia.
Open-source production relies on qualified users to maintain a
constantly improving collection, whether it is an open collection of
computer code or of encyclopedic information. Open source collections
typically maintain back-up resources, so if a developer accidentally
damages the code or the content, it can easily be reverted to an
earlier, stable version. The same backup system provides protection
against malicious damage to an open-source project.
Why do people contribute to open-source projects?
Few surveys have developed reliable answers to why people contribute
to open source works like Wikipedia. Some sort of public interest or
community spirit is often part of the motive. Open-source projects offer
an opportunity to contribute to something that has lasting value and
that will continue to grow. Open-source publishing allows writers and
software developers to apply their skills outside of a strictly business
environment. Casual writers and editors sometimes participate as a
hobby or as a learning experience. Classrooms may evaluate and post
information as a learning activity. Volunteering is also one of the few
ways writers and Web designers can gain experience and exposure without
already having any.
Beyond information from the encyclopedia, what can students learn from Wikipedia?
Most
young people will likely at some point become involved in interactive
online activities. For educators, young people’s involvement with
Wikipedia provides an opportunity to survey their understanding of
online safety, and to teach appropriate practices. Educators can use
Wikipedia as a way of teaching students to develop hierarchies of
credibility that are essential for navigating and conducting research on
the Internet.
Wikipedia provides an opportunity for teachers to discuss the concept
of the open content. Wikipedia is an opportunity to participate in an
open community that relies primarily on mutual respect and cooperation,
but which is not related to familiar authority figures some youths might
tend to oppose.
Editing in Wikipedia is an opportunity to learn to participate in
collective editorial processes. Wikipedia presents a ready opportunity
for youths to research, compile and publish articles for peer review.
For youths who contribute images, selection and production of an image
provides opportunities to learn what a market wants from an artist.
Youths who master skills for accurate writing and drawing about
encyclopedic subjects are better equipped to develop their own style in
more creative genres.
Because all articles in Wikipedia must conform to neutral
point-of-view, students participating in collaborative editing
activities on Wikipedia are building experience in detecting and
eliminating bias in writing.
Can a school group set up its own wiki?
Yes. The
MediaWiki
software which powers Wikipedia is an open source software package,
which means anyone who knows how to use it and who has access to a
server computer may set up his or her own wiki project.
Access to a wiki database can be password protected, to allow groups
to develop an open document within their membership. Passwords can allow
a wiki to be developed by a school club, a teachers group, a regional
group of schools, or any group within an educational community. Wikis
might be used for school histories, to develop yearbook material or as
class projects. A group can operate a wiki project online or within a
closed local area network.
Even without access to a server computer, anyone with a personal
computer may download the MediaWiki software and run it as a personal
wiki. See: mw:Manual:Wiki on a stick.
For more information, see:
How to start a wiki and
mw:Manual:Installation guide.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia article “Schools”, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
